Clear the surface once
Take everything off your desk. Put back the things you use most days first. Notice how much space your laptop, books and writing actually need before choosing organizers.
Work with the space you have
Measure the free width and depth around your work area. Check that drawers still open and chairs still move. Leave ventilation openings and electrical connections unobstructed.
Group the small things
Try a cup for pens, a container for loose stationery and a place for cables. Use what you already own before buying a new system. Keep cable runs loose enough that moving your laptop does not pull on a connector.
Make one detail yours
A printed photo, a postcard or a small piece of your own art can add personality without taking over the desk. Check residence rules before attaching anything to furniture or walls.